Collective Bargaining

Good relations between the employer and employees are essential for the success of industry. In order to maintain good relations, it is necessary that industrial disputes are settled quickly and amicably. One of the efficient methods of resolving industrial disputes and deciding the employment conditions is Collective Bargaining. Industrial disputes essentially refer to differences or conflicts between employers and employees.

                         Collective Bargaining is a process in which the management and employee representatives meet and negotiate the terms and conditions of employment for mutual benefit. 

According to Walton and McKersie the process of Collective Bargaining consists of four types of activities:

1)      Distributive Bargaining: 

2)      Integrative Bargaining: 

3)      Attitudinal structuring:

4)      Intra-Organisational Bargaining:

Objectives of Collective Bargaining:

Characteristics of Collective Bargaining:

                 Process of Collective Bargaining

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1.       Preparation for Negotiation:

From the employees’ side also, preparation is required for the following reasons:

2.       Identifying issues for Bargaining: 

3.       Negotiation: When the first two steps are completed, both parties engage in actual negotiation process at a time and place fixed for the purpose. There a re two types of negotiations:

• Boulwarism: 
• Continuous Bargaining:  

4.       Initial negotiated agreement: 

5.       Ratification of agreement: 

6.       Implementation of agreement: 

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